简单的对象定位
场景
测试对象的定位和操作是webdriver的核心内容，其中操作又是建立在定位的基础之上,因此对象定位就越发显得重要了。
定位对象的目的一般有下面几种
- 操作对象
- 获得对象的属性，如获得测试对象的class属性，name属性等等
- 获得对象的text
- 获得对象的数量
webdriver提供了一系列的对象定位方法，常用的有以下几种
- id
- name
- class name
- link text
- partial link text
- tag name
- xpath
- css selector
代码
html代码 form.html
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<title>Form</title>
<script type="text/javascript" async="" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<link href="http://netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/twitter-bootstrap/2.3.2/css/bootstrap-combined.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<script src="http://netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/twitter-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h3>simple login form</h3>
<form class="form-horizontal">
<div class="control-group">
<label class="control-label" for="inputEmail">Email</label>
<div class="controls">
<input type="text" id="inputEmail" placeholder="Email" name="email">
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<label class="control-label" for="inputPassword">Password</label>
<div class="controls">
<input type="password" id="inputPassword" placeholder="Password" name="password">
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<div class="controls">
<label class="checkbox">
<input type="checkbox"> Remember me
</label>
<button type="submit" class="btn">Sign in</button>
<a href="#">register</a>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
java代码 simple_locate.java
import java.io.File;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
public class SimpleLocate {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
WebDriver dr = new ChromeDriver();
File file = new File("src/form.html");
String filePath = "file:///" + file.getAbsolutePath();
System.out.printf("now accesss %s \n", filePath);
dr.get(filePath);
Thread.sleep(2000);
// by id
dr.findElement(By.id("inputEmail")).click();
Thread.sleep(1000);
// by name
dr.findElement(By.name("password"));
Thread.sleep(1000);
// by tagname
String classOfForm = dr.findElement(By.tagName("form")).getAttribute("class");
System.out.printf("%s\n", classOfForm);
Thread.sleep(1000);
// by link text
WebElement link = dr.findElement(By.linkText("register"));
((JavascriptExecutor)dr).executeScript("$(arguments[0]).fadeOut().fadeIn()", link);
Thread.sleep(1000);
// by partial link test
WebElement sameLink = dr.findElement(By.partialLinkText("reg"));
((JavascriptExecutor)dr).executeScript("$(arguments[0]).fadeOut().fadeIn()", sameLink);
Thread.sleep(1000);
// by css selector
WebElement div = dr.findElement(By.cssSelector(".controls"));
((JavascriptExecutor)dr).executeScript("$(arguments[0]).fadeOut().fadeIn()", div);
Thread.sleep(1000);
// by xpath
dr.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/form/div[3]/div/label/input")).click();
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("browser will be close");
dr.quit();
}
}
讨论
上面例子里由于html文件中引用了jquery，所以在执行js时可以使用jquery的$()及fadeIn()等方法。如果你测试的页面没用包含jquery的话，这些方法是无效的。